Verified reasoning data.

Every row is a self-contained problem — solved, verified against thousands of test cases, and bound to a cryptographic proof that the answer is correct.

Catalog

84 datasets
refusal_defer

Refusals: Legal and Licensing Questions

Requests that need a licensing or legal determination and cannot be computed; the correct response routes them to the authority.

200 rows550.5 KB
refusal_infeasible

Refusals: Infeasible Goal

Well-posed requests whose goal has no solution; the correct response says so instead of inventing a number.

200 rows574.1 KB
refusal_inconsistent_input

Refusals: Inconsistent Input

Requests whose individually valid values contradict each other; the correct response asks to reconcile them.

200 rows583.3 KB
refusal_invalid_input

Refusals: Invalid Input

Requests where a single value lies outside its valid range; the correct response asks for a corrected value.

200 rows544.9 KB
refusal_underspecified

Refusals: Underspecified Requests

Requests with several valid readings whose answers differ; the correct response asks which reading is meant.

200 rows645.6 KB
refusal_missing_parameter

Refusals: Missing Parameter

Requests where one computation fits but a required field is absent; the correct response names the missing field.

200 rows505.2 KB
ascent_simulation

Ascent Simulation

Vertical rise, pitch kick and gravity-turn simulations: burnout state and max-Q, converged across three numerical integrators (no proven enclosure).

200 rows1.2 MB
guidance_estimation

Guidance and Estimation

Kalman filter predict-and-update problems with certified answers.

200 rows725.1 KB
hardware_engineering

Propulsion and Tank Hardware

Ideal nozzle exit velocity and thick-wall tank thickness problems with certified answers.

200 rows671.2 KB
atmosphere

Standard Atmosphere

US Standard Atmosphere 1976 density and dynamic pressure up to 20 km with certified answers.

200 rows711.7 KB
launch_geometry_windows

Launch Geometry and Windows

Launch azimuth with and without Earth rotation, plane-crossing wait time and range azimuth margin problems with certified answers.

200 rows788.4 KB
orbit_perturbations

Orbit Perturbations

First-order J2 nodal regression and sun-synchronous inclination problems with certified answers.

200 rows682.2 KB
orbital_mechanics

Orbital Mechanics

Circular-orbit period, Hohmann transfer and Kepler's equation problems with certified answers.

200 rows666.0 KB
propulsion_mass_budget

Propulsion and Mass Budget

Rocket equation, propellant mass, staging and finite-burn gravity-loss problems with certified numeric answers.

200 rows643.4 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows830.1 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.0 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows932.5 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows969.6 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows699.2 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows817.2 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.1 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows931.6 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows960.6 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows695.2 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows823.4 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.1 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows931.3 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows965.7 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows698.3 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows829.9 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.0 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows929.5 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows964.2 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows693.7 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows822.2 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.1 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows932.0 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows962.1 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows695.5 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows817.9 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.1 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows932.7 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows955.0 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows693.5 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows823.6 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.0 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows931.2 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows965.9 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows691.2 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows818.5 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.0 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows929.8 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows958.2 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows693.7 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows828.1 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.0 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows931.9 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows970.8 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows695.5 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows827.8 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.0 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows930.2 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows963.4 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows694.2 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows819.8 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows1.9 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows930.8 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows970.1 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows690.8 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows821.5 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.0 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows931.8 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows975.9 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows697.5 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.1 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows931.9 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows962.6 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows692.8 KB
Review

Correctness Reviews

Claims about code, judged correct or incorrect with evidence.

200 rows826.7 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows971.2 KB
Solve

Algorithm Solutions

Algorithm problems with reference solutions, step-by-step derivations, and verified answers.

200 rows695.6 KB
Explain

Behavior Explanations

Working code with a traced walkthrough of what it computes and why.

200 rows2.0 MB
Optimize

Code Optimization Traces

Working implementations paired with the faster version and the reasoning behind the speedup.

200 rows930.9 KB
Debug

Debugging Traces

Broken code paired with the defect location and the minimal fix.

200 rows966.2 KB

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